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Buying property in Spain in 2026: the process, the taxes, and the paperwork for Ukrainians

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Купівля нерухомості в Іспанії 2026
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Table of Contents

Buying an apartment in Spain is not exactly complicated. Find one, agree a price, sign in front of a notary, register it. You can do it in just a few weeks. 

But there are some complications: The Golden Visa closed in April 2025, so property no longer buys residency at any price. A proposed 100% tax on non-EU buyers made headlines worldwide in January 2025 and has sat in parliament undebated ever since. And if you’re moving money from a Ukrainian bank, that’s going to be problematic. 

This guide covers what the purchase actually involves, what it costs beyond the asking price, what you’ll owe every year afterwards.

Please read the disclaimer at the end.

Important changes

The Golden Visa is gone – Ley Organica 1/2025 of 2 January, published in the official gazette the following day, stripped out articles 63 to 67 of the 2013 law that created the investor residence visa. It took effect on 3 April 2025, three months after publication.

The scheme had run since 2013 and granted residency for a €500,000 property purchase, among other investment methods. Since April 2025 no new applications are accepted through any of them.

Applications filed before 3 April 2025 are processed under the rules in force when they were filed. Visas and authorisations already granted keep their validity for the period issued, and renewals are handled under the rules that applied at the original grant. Nobody loses residency because of this.

But the protection covers people who had already applied or already held the permit – not people who bought property intending to apply later. Buying now gives you no way to residency at all.

There’s also a lot of buzz about the 100% tax, but it is not a law, for now, at least. In January 2025 the Spanish government announced a proposed levy of up to 100% on property bought by non-EU non-residents. A draft bill followed in May 2025. Since then it has sat in parliament without being debated, with a minority government unable to assemble a majority. No date has been set.

Worth understanding what it would do even if it passes, because a lot of people misunderstand it. As drafted it targets non-EU non-residents, so residence matters more than nationality and a Ukrainian living legally in Spain would not qualify for it.. It attaches to transfer tax, which applies to resales, so new builds sold with VAT are outside of it as well. No retroactive application has been proposed. And there’s a real question whether it survives EU scrutiny at all, since free movement of capital protections extend to third countries.

Foreigners, Ukrainians included, can still buy property in Spain freely. There’s no restriction on ownership. What changed is what ownership gets you, and what it might eventually cost.

Getting money there may be an issue

Ukrainian currency rules work by prohibition with exceptions. Sending money abroad is banned by default unless your transfer fits one of the purposes on an approved list. Medical treatment, tuition, alimony, rent, goods and services within monthly limits – those are on it.

That list has been rewritten several times in 2026 alone, and it’s been getting longer: the August 2026 changes raised most limits and added foreign securities, and an earlier change opened up transfers connected with setting up a company abroad.

So is buying a home abroad on the list? Sources contradict each other, the rules change, and your bank is the one that decides. Ring your bank’s currency control desk and ask what it will actually process today, for your amount, with your documents. It takes just five minutes and it’s the only real way to know for sure. 

If your money is already outside Ukraine – a foreign account, income earned abroad, proceeds from a sale somewhere else – none of this applies. Neither does it if you’ve relocated and bank in the EU: you’re a European resident buying European property, and Ukrainian currency rules aren’t involved.

You can use cash, which is legal, but with limitations. Above €10,000 you declare leaving Ukraine and again entering the EU. The declaration matters less at the border than afterwards, because a Spanish bank taking a cash deposit it can’t explain is a problem you’ve made for yourself. And at Spanish property prices, this rarely covers the whole purchase anyway.

Whatever method you use, Spain will ask where the money came from. The notary, the bank and the agent all have anti-money-laundering duties, and the bigger the sum the more they’ll want. Tax returns, sale contracts, employment records – the chain from where you earned it to where it’s now. Be sure to prepare all these documents beforehand. 

More in our guide to international transfers and our source of funds guide.

How to Pass the Bank and Notary Review When Buying Real Estate in Spain—and Not Lose the Deal

Documents you’ll need

The first one is the NIE – your foreigner’s identification number in Spain. The notary won’t sign the deed without one for every buyer, and you can’t open a Spanish bank account either. It isn’t residency and grants none – it’s a tax number, and it’s a hard requirement. 

You apply either in Spain, at a National Police station or foreigners’ office, or at a Spanish consulate before you travel. Non-EU citizens use form EX-15, completed in Spanish, plus a €12 fee paid on Form 790 at a bank, plus proof of why you need it – a property purchase agreement does the job.

The waiting is the problem, and a real one. In busy provinces like Madrid and Barcelona, getting the appointment takes four to eight weeks. Applying through a consulate abroad is slower still, at six to ten weeks. After the appointment you either get the certificate on the spot or wait another five to ten working days. So this is the first thing you do, well before you make an offer on anything.

One thing worth knowing – your NIE number is permanent and never expires. But the certificate it’s printed on carries a three-month stamp, and some banks and authorities insist on a recently issued one. If yours is old, request a duplicate before you sign anything – it’s quick and free.

You’ll need a Spanish bank account, since most purchases are paid from one, and utilities and taxes get collected from it by direct debit. Banks want the NIE first, so the order is: NIE, then account, then property.

You can do it remotely – a Spanish lawyer can handle the whole thing under power of attorney. For Ukrainians that means the power of attorney needs an apostille and a sworn translation into Spanish. Ukraine is in the Hague Convention so an apostille works, but don’t forget to account for time it takes to get one.

Do you want to find out how prepared you are to safely transfer large sums of money to the EU?

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Documents you'll need

The purchase process, step by step

Here’s how the process usually looks like: 

  1. Offer and reservation. Offers are usually made verbally through the agent and confirmed in writing. Nothing binds anyone until money moves. Once the price is agreed you pay a reservation deposit of about €3,000 to €10,000 to take the property off the market, typically for two to four weeks while your lawyer works. Be sure to get the refund terms in writing. This deposit should be refundable if due diligence turns up legal problems with the property. It isn’t automatic and depends on what the document says, which is why you engage a lawyer before you pay it, not after.
  2. Due diligence. Your lawyer pulls the nota simple from the Land Registry, showing the real owner and any mortgages, embargoes or charges. Then the cadastral reference, the building and first-occupation licences, searches for unpaid property tax and community fees (both of which can transfer to you) and the community’s recent meeting minutes, in case a large repair bill is coming.
  3. The arras contract. This is what binds you – around 10% of the price, and under the standard form, arras penitenciales under Article 1454 of the Civil Code, the rules are symmetrical: you withdraw and lose the deposit, the seller withdraws and owes you double. That 10% should go into your lawyer’s client account or an escrow arrangement, not straight to the seller.
  4. Completion at the notary. Both parties sign the escritura pública, you hand over a banker’s draft (personal cheques aren’t accepted) and you get the keys. You own the property from that moment, not from registration. Your lawyer should pull a fresh nota simple 24 to 48 hours beforehand to confirm nothing has changed.
  5. Afterwards. Transfer taxes within 30 business days. Registration at the Land Registry takes two to eight weeks and gives you protection against third-party claims. Then utilities, community notification and direct debits.

Keep in mind:

  • If you don’t speak Spanish, a sworn translator must attend the signing. Not your agent, not a bilingual friend.
  • If you’re buying remotely, the power of attorney must be specific (limited to that property at that price) and signed before a notary, with an apostille if signed outside Spain.
  • The whole thing usually takes six to twelve weeks for a cash purchase, eight to sixteen with a mortgage.
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Taxes and fees on top

You should budget 10-13% above the asking price. The biggest line is transfer tax, and it depends on where you buy. For resales it’s ITP, set by each autonomous community:

Region

ITP rate

Basque Country

4%

Madrid

6%

Canary Islands

6.5%

Andalucía

7%

Murcia, Aragón

8%

Galicia

9%

Valencia (Costa Blanca)

9%, 11% above €1M

Catalonia

10%, progressive

Balearics

8-13%, progressive by value

On a €400,000 resale that’s €24,000 in Madrid against €36,000 in Valencia. Twelve thousand euros from just where you buy it.

Tax isn’t always calculated on what you paid. Spain applies a reference value to property, and where that’s higher than your purchase price, the tax follows the reference value. Ask your lawyer to check it before you commit.

New builds work differently with no ITP. Instead 10% VAT (or 4% for certain protected housing) plus regional stamp duty, which in Valencia is 1.4%. The Canaries, Ceuta and Melilla are outside VAT territory and use their own regime.

Notary and Land Registry fees follow government tariffs set by royal decree, based on the deed and the work involved rather than a flat percentage. Many buyers budget a few hundred to a couple of thousand euros, but ask for a transaction-specific estimate rather than assuming a percentage. A lawyer, commonly quoted around 1% plus VAT, though there’s no set tariff. 

On a €400,000 purchase, illustratively:

  • Resale in Andalucía at 7%: around €34,800, or 8.7% on top.
  • Resale in Valencia at 9%: around €42,800, or 10.7%.
  • New build in Valencia: around €52,400, or 13.1%.

With a Spanish mortgage, the bank pays the mortgage deed’s notary, registry, stamp duty and gestoría costs – you pay the valuation and any opening fee. That’s been law since 2019. And plusvalía municipal is legally the seller’s, though contracts sometimes change it, so check.

Filing deadlines are regional, so don’t assume thirty days. Get the deadline and who’s responsible for it written down before you sign. And be sure to ask your lawyer for the all-in figure as a single number before the arras contract because percentages hide things.

Taxes and fees on top

Taxes while you own it

Three things to keep in mind:

  • IBI, the municipal property tax. Billed annually by the town hall, based on the cadastral value. Straightforward, and usually the smallest of the three.
  • Imputed income tax on a property you don’t rent out. Spain treats owning a second home as a benefit in itself and taxes you on notional rent you never received. The rate applied to the cadastral value is 1.1% or 2% depending on your municipality. Then the non-resident rate applies, and here’s where being Ukrainian costs you: 24% for non-EU residents against 19% for EU ones.
  • The full calculation is “cadastral value x the 1.1% or 2% rate x days not rented / 365 x your ownership share x your tax rate”.

So on a property with a cadastral value of €120,000, owned outright, empty all year, in a municipality applying 2%: imputed income of €2,400, taxed at 24%, giving €576 a year for owning an empty flat. An EU resident pays €456 on the same property.

You file it on Modelo 210 – the deadline remains 31 December of the year following the tax year, but from the 2026 tax year the filing window opens on 1 April rather than 1 January. So your 2026 tax can be filed between 1 April and 31 December 2027.

Each co-owner files separately for their share, so garages and storage bought separately need their own declarations. And if you rent the property out part of the year, the empty months are still taxed this way.

Rental income, if you do let it – EU and EEA owners are taxed on net income (rent minus repairs, community fees, insurance, mortgage interest) at 19%. Non-EU owners are taxed on gross income at 24%, with no deductions at all.

On €12,000 of rent with €4,000 of costs, an EU owner pays €1,520. A Ukrainian pays €2,880. Nearly double for the same property and income. .

This treatment has been challenged as incompatible with EU free movement of capital, and some advisers argue it has already changed. Spanish practice in 2026 still applies the split. Ask a Spanish tax adviser for more accurate info.

Keep in mind: 

  • Rental income can now be grouped into one annual filing, submitted between 1 and 20 January of the following year. 
  • Tourist rentals need a valid registration number to appear on booking platforms at all.

Wealth tax applies to non-residents on Spanish assets above €700,000. The extra €300,000 allowance for a main home is for residents only.

Taxes and residency 

Spain’s income tax law sets three tests, and any one of them makes you a tax resident. Not all three – any one:

  • The day count. More than 183 days in Spain during a calendar year. Both your arrival and departure days count as full days.
  • Your economic centre. If the main “base” of your activities or economic interests is in Spain, directly or indirectly, you’re resident regardless of the day count. Someone spending 120 days in Spain with a Spanish company, a Spanish flat and mostly Spanish clients will become a Spanish tax resident regardless of day count.
  • Your family. If your non-separated spouse and dependent minor children habitually live in Spain, Spain presumes you do too. It’s rebuttable, but you rebut it with actual evidence, not argument.

The Spanish tax agency states it plainly: sporadic absences are counted toward your Spanish total unless you prove tax residence in another country. So a two-month trip home doesn’t subtract two months – those days still count against you unless you can show you were a tax resident elsewhere during them. The Supreme Court has rejected the argument that intending to return abroad makes time outside Spain a “sporadic absence”.

What rebuts it is a tax residency certificate from the other country. For Ukrainians that’s the довідка-підтвердження (confirmation document) from the ДПС (tax authority), which takes around ten days through the Електронний кабінет (online portal). Get it for the year in question.

If you become a Spanish tax resident, worldwide income becomes taxable in Spain at progressive resident rates. Imputed income tax and the non-resident regime disappear. You file a resident return instead of Modelo 210. Wealth tax applies to your worldwide assets rather than just Spanish ones. And holding over €50,000 abroad triggers a reporting obligation on Modelo 720.

More on the Ukrainian side in our double taxation guide.

When you sell

If you sell, you need to know these:

  • Capital gains tax is 19%. Rental income is taxed at 24%, but the gain on a property sale is fixed at 19% for everyone, wherever you live.
  • You’re taxed on the gain, not the price. Deduct the purchase price, the ITP or VAT you paid buying it, notary and registry costs, legal fees and agency commissions from both transactions, and major structural renovations. Not maintenance, cosmetic work or furniture. And renovations need official VAT invoices – a builder’s handwritten receipt won’t be accepted. Buy at €350,000, spend €40,000 on taxes, fees and structural work, sell at €500,000. Gain of €110,000, tax of €20,900. The buyer already withheld €15,000, so you pay €5,900 when you file.
  • The 3% withholding is automatic. The buyer deducts 3% of the price and pays it to the tax agency on Modelo 211 within a month of the deed. Not an extra tax, just an advance – you receive 97% on the day.
  • Then you have four months to file Modelo 210. Owed less than €15,000? You reclaim the difference, though refunds take six to twelve months. Miss the four months and the retention is effectively gone. And selling at a loss still means filing – the 3% gets withheld either way.
  • Spain lets you roll the profit from a main residence into a new one and avoid the tax. That exemption is for EU and EEA residents only. Ukrainians can’t use it.
  • Plusvalía municipal is due within 30 days of completion. Since recent Supreme Court rulings you can choose between the cadastral formula and the real gain, and take whichever is lower. It’s deductible against your capital gains tax too.
  • A valid energy certificate and IBI receipts must be paid up to date before you can sell at all.
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions​

Can Ukrainians buy property in Spain?

Yes. There’s no restriction on foreign ownership, and buying property in Spain for foreigners works the same way regardless of nationality. What’s harder is moving the money if it sits in a Ukrainian bank.
Yes. Ley Orgánica 1/2025 removed the investor residence visa from Spanish law, and the Spain Golden Visa ended on 3 April 2025. No new applications are accepted at any investment level. Existing holders keep their permits and can renew them.
Closed. Buying property in Spain gives you no residency route whatsoever. Anyone still advertising the golden visa Spain route as a path to residency is working from outdated information.
No. That was the Golden Visa and it no longer exists. Other residency routes are unaffected – work, study, family reunification, the digital nomad visa – but none of them depends on owning property.
It was announced in January 2025 and a bill was submitted in May 2025, but it hasn’t been debated in parliament and no date has been set. It is not law. As drafted it would target non-EU non-residents and attach to transfer tax, so residents and new-build buyers would fall outside it.
Budget 10-13% above the asking price. Transfer tax is the largest of the property buying costs in Spain and ranges from 4% to 13% depending on the region, with notary, registry and legal fees on top.
Because transfer tax is set by each autonomous community. The same €400,000 flat carries €24,000 of tax in Madrid and €36,000 in Valencia. Region changes your bill more than anything else does.
A foreigner’s identification number. You cannot sign the deed or open a Spanish bank account without one. The NIE number in Spain is a tax number, not residency — that’s the TIE, a different document for people who live there.
Four to eight weeks for an appointment in Madrid or Barcelona, or six to ten weeks through a consulate abroad. Then the certificate comes either on the spot or within five to ten working days. Start it before you make an offer.
IBI annually, plus imputed income tax on a property you don’t rent out — 1.1% or 2% of cadastral value, taxed at 24% for non-EU owners. Spain property taxes for non-residents also cover rental income, charged at 24% on gross for non-EU owners against 19% on net for EU residents.
Yes. Spain treats owning a second home as a benefit and taxes you on notional rent. On a €120,000 cadastral value that’s around €576 a year for a Ukrainian owner. It surprises almost everyone.
Paying a deposit before your lawyer has seen the Land Registry extract. Not budgeting the 10-13%. Assuming tax is calculated on your purchase price rather than the official reference value. And drifting past 183 days a year without realising you’ve become a Spanish tax resident.
That’s a question for your own numbers, but factor in that non-EU owners are taxed on gross rental income with no deductions, which is materially worse than the EU treatment. Tourist lets also now need a registration number to appear on booking platforms.
19% on the gain, the same for everyone regardless of nationality. The buyer withholds 3% of the price as an advance, and you file within four months to settle up or claim the difference back.
Key Indicators

Key numbers and terms

Purchase costs

10-13% – what to budget above the asking price

4% to 13% – the range of transfer tax on resales, depending on region

10% – VAT on new builds, or 4% for certain protected housing

1.4% – stamp duty on new builds in Valencia

€3,000-10,000 – typical reservation deposit

10% – the arras deposit, and what you lose if you withdraw

2x – what the seller owes you if they withdraw after the arras

1% + VAT – typical legal fees

3 April 2025 – when the Golden Visa closed

€500,000 – the property threshold it used to require

30 business days – transfer tax filing, though deadlines are regional

2-8 weeks – Land Registry registration

6-12 weeks – a cash purchase from start to finish

8-16 weeks – with a mortgage

30-90 days – between the arras contract and the notary

€12 – the fee, paid on Form 790

EX-15 – the application form for non-EU citizens

4-8 weeks – appointment wait in Madrid and Barcelona

6-10 weeks – applying through a consulate instead

5-10 working days – certificate issue after the appointment

3 months – the validity stamp on the certificate

1.1% or 2% – of cadastral value, the imputed income base, set by municipality

24% – the non-resident rate applied to it for Ukrainians

19% – the same rate for EU residents

€576 – annual imputed income tax on a €120,000 cadastral value, owned outright, empty

24% on gross – rental income tax for non-EU owners, with no deductions

19% on net – rental income tax for EU owners

31 December – Modelo 210 deadline, the year after the tax year

1 April – when the filing window opens, from the 2026 tax year

1-20 January – the window for grouped annual rental filings

€700,000 – wealth tax threshold on Spanish assets for non-residents

183 days – the threshold, counting arrival and departure days in full

3 – the alternative tests, any one of which makes you resident

10 days – to obtain a Ukrainian tax residency certificate

€50,000 – foreign assets above which Modelo 720 reporting applies

19% – capital gains tax, for all non-residents

3% – what the buyer withholds from the price

1 month – for the buyer to file Modelo 211

4 months – for you to file Modelo 210

6-12 months – typical refund processing

30 days – plusvalía municipal deadline

7-13% – total selling costs including agent commission

€10,000 – cash declaration threshold, leaving Ukraine and entering the EU

NIE – your foreigner’s identification number in Spain; required for the deed and for a bank account, and not residency

Nota simple – the Land Registry extract showing the real owner and any charges against the property

Arras penitenciales – the binding deposit contract, where either side can withdraw at a fixed price

Escritura pública – the public deed signed before a notary, at which ownership transfers

ITP – transfer tax on resale properties, set by each autonomous community

IVA and AJD – VAT and stamp duty, which apply to new builds instead of ITP

Cadastral value – the official valuation your annual taxes are calculated from, shown on your IBI bill

Reference value – a separate official figure; where it exceeds your purchase price, transfer tax follows it

IBI – the annual municipal property tax

Imputed income tax – tax on notional rent from a property you don’t let

Modelo 210 – the non-resident tax return, used for imputed income, rental income and capital gains

Modelo 211 – the form the buyer uses to pay the 3% withholding

Modelo 720 – the foreign asset report for Spanish tax residents holding over €50,000 abroad

Plusvalía municipal – the town hall’s tax on the increase in land value, legally the seller’s

Sporadic absences – trips abroad that still count toward your 183 days unless you prove tax residence elsewhere

Reinvestment exemption – relief on selling a main residence, available to EU and EEA residents only

Gestoría – an administrative agency that handles paperwork; useful but not compulsory

Links and Sources​

Sources

Spanish legislation and official gazette

This article is provided for general informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute financial, investment, tax, legal, immigration, or any other professional advice, and it is not a recommendation to buy property in Spain or anywhere else, or to use any particular provider or service. Nothing here is an offer or solicitation. This material is not intended to be used in any way for evaluating the merits of participating in any transaction.

Reading this article does not create any client, advisory, or professional relationship between you and XPAID. Nothing in this article should be read as encouragement to buy, sell, hold, or invest in anything, or to enter into any particular arrangement. Where we describe how something works, name a provider, or set out how others approach a situation, that is description rather than endorsement, and it should not be taken as a suggestion that any of it is suitable for you. Property purchases and any financial arrangement carry risk, including the risk of losing money. Any decision you take, and any outcome that follows, is your own responsibility.

Buying property abroad is a transaction you should not attempt without professional advisers. In Spain that ordinarily means an independent lawyer acting for you alone, and for anything tax-related, a Spanish tax adviser. The notary is impartial and does not represent your interests. Nothing in this article replaces either, and it is not written to a standard that would allow it to.

Spanish property taxation varies substantially between autonomous communities and municipalities, and in several places by the value of the property. Rates, thresholds, allowances and filing deadlines that apply in one region may not apply in another. Every figure here should be checked against the rules of the specific region where the property is located.

We describe legislation that had been proposed but not enacted at the time of writing, and legislation whose status may change. Proposed measures may pass, be amended, or be abandoned, and enacted measures may be replaced. Nothing here should be read as a prediction of what any legislature will do.

Where we describe the position under Ukrainian currency regulation, that framework changes frequently and its application depends on your bank’s own assessment of your transaction. We have said plainly where the position is unclear. Confirm with your bank before acting.

All information is provided “as is”, in good faith, without any representation or warranty as to its accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability for your situation. Laws, regulations, rates, tariffs, and administrative practices change frequently and vary across jurisdictions and institutions. Everything described here is current only as of the date of publication, and we may update or remove it without notice.

Check the current position with the relevant authority, with the institution concerned, and with a qualified professional familiar with your circumstances before making any decision. Every institution applies the rules its own way, and decisions in your particular case rest with them alone.

This article is written from a Ukrainian and/or EU perspective. It is not directed at anyone in a jurisdiction where its publication or use would be contrary to local law, and rules differ substantially between countries.

We know nothing about your circumstances, objectives, financial situation, or risk tolerance, and nothing here has been assessed as suitable or appropriate for you.

To the maximum extent permitted by law, XPAID accepts no liability for any loss or damage arising from any action taken, or not taken, in reliance on this article.

This article links to external websites and documents for reference. We do not control those sources, do not endorse them, and accept no responsibility for their content, accuracy, or availability.

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